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• Differentials - (Pink Pages) are used to cover costs that do not fit in the Worldscale flat rate or their application may be dependant on particular factors.
• Where costs are dependant on factors such as cargo type or loading or discharging amounts, then differentials may be applied.
• Differentials fall into two categories, fixed and variable.
• Fixed Differentials
  • The percentage variation or Worldscale equivalent of the fixture should not be applied to fixed differentials.
  • Canal Dues differentials for Panama and Suez – which we state can be paid separately by the charterer direct to the authorities or included in the freight payment.
  • Many fixed differentials are applied per tonne of cargo and should be applied to subscriber's cargo size not that of the standard vessel.
  • For example for Rotterdam the differential differs with vessel and cargo size and crude or products loaded/discharged. This reflects the port cost tariff.
• Variable Differentials
  • Variable differentials are often used where terminal costs differ within the same port. The addition or deduction in USD is made to the flat rate. Since the terminal costs are included in the rate for the stated terminal the differential is used to take into account different costs at different terminals. The percentage variation or Worldscale equivalent of the fixture is applied to the differential. These are commonly used for ports also providing an SBM, where costs differ from other berths/terminals.

Some costs are difficult to verify, in these cases rates may be quoted referring users to 'Supplementary Messages'. The supplementary messages state any considerations that may need to be added to a rate. For example:

• Supplementary Message No.1 is added to rates where no port cost allowances have been used for one or more ports.
• Supplementary Message No.2 is added to rates where no allowances for port costs or Kertch Straits transit costs are made for one or more of the ports.
• Supplementary Message No.3 is added to rates where no allowance for towage costs are made for one or more of the ports.

Supplementary messages are provided where relevant with web-site rates. They can also be found in the book at the end of the differential (pink) pages.

In these cases it is expected that the costs will be negotiated between contracting parties.

• North Sea and Baltic ECAs came into effect on the 11th August 2007
• Incorporated into Worldscale 2008 by fixed differential based upon miles steamed within the ECA.
• From 2016 additional costs in complying with emission regulations are provided within the Worldscale rates.  These allowances have been calculated using a breakdown of voyage distances within and outside ECA Areas.  The differential is no longer required.
  
  This diagram has been provided by AtoBviaC plc, see Help section 4.5 Routes + Distances for more information
  
  
• North American ECA came into effect 1st August 2012 & Caribbean ECA came into effect 1st January 2014.
• Incorporated into Worldscale on their respective effective dates by fixed differential based upon miles steamed within the ECAs.
  
  This diagram has been provided by AtoBviaC plc, see Help section 4.5 Routes + Distances for more information
  
  
• California Ocean-Going Vessel Regulatory (OGVR) zone came into effect 1st July 2009.
• Zone extends 24 nautical miles from the coast of California.
• Phase 2 fuel limit reduced effective date 1st January 2014.
• Incorporated into Worldscale 2014 by fixed differential based upon miles steamed within the ECAs.
• Fuel regulations in the California OGVR and requirements of the North American ECA should be complied with.
• From 2016 additional costs in complying with emission regulations are provided within the Worldscale rates.  These allowances have been calculated using a breakdown of voyage distances within and outside ECA Areas.  The differential is no longer required.
  
  
• OGVR Zone
  

• This diagram has been provided by AtoBviaC plc, see Help section 4.5 Routes + Distances for more information
  
  
• Additional allowances are included in Worldscale rates for low sulphur 'in-port' bunkers in these areas as set out in Section 5 of the Preamble – Notes on Calculations. See individual year for scope of allowances.
• From 2015, the OGVR Zone Allowances are now incorporated within the North American ECA.
  
  
• Chinese ECA Came into effect 1st January 2019 and have been included within the flat rate calculations. This replaced the Fixed Rate Differential introduced by Circular 14/2018 in September 2018.
  
  
  
• Chinese Inland River ECAs Came into effect 1st January 2020 and additional costs for these areas have been included within the flat rate calculations.
  
  
  
• Taiwanese in-port ECA Following the implementation of the new Taiwanese in-port emission control regulations effective January 2019, an allowance has been made for the additional costs of in-port Low Sulphur bunker consumption at Taiwanese ports.
  
  
• Korean ECAs Following the implementation of the new Korean ECA regulations an allowance has been made within 2021 Worldscale Flat Rate calculations for the additional costs of in-port Low Sulphur bunker consumption within the Korean ECAs. For 2022 Worldscale Flat Rate Calculations this was extended to additionally include transiting these areas.
  
  
• Hainan Water Area ECAs Came into effect 1st January 2022 and additional costs for this area have been included within the flat rate calculations.
  
  
  

• Route
  • Route indicators are used in the schedule and the web-site when quoting rates. For example:
    • C means Cape of Good Hope, laden and ballast
    • CS means Cape of Good Hope laden, Suez Canal in ballast
  • The route used for the rate shown in the schedule is that which produces the lowest rate for the voyage in question for the WS Standard Vessel at WS 100. In most cases such a route is the most direct normal shipping route however canal costs etc, may make alternative routes although longer nevertheless cheaper. Contracting parties should agree on which route should apply.
  • In addition to rates provided for Suez and Panama routes and their alternatives, other alternative routes are available on the web-site.
  • Calculation of several different routes may be required in order to determine the cheapest rate for other voyages, for example in Danish waters and within the Japanese Inland Sea.
  • For some voyages the cheapest route may change from year to year due to, for example, updated bunker prices or pilotage fees.
  • Contracting parties should agree on which route should apply.
• Distances
  • Distances used for rate calculation purposes only, on the basis of the round voyage. The distances in nautical miles are provided by AtoBviaC Plc and take into account IMO conventions, state regulations and recommendations for environmentally sensitive routeing.
  • For more information on AtoBviaC plc and the distance table and routing information they provide visit their web-site at www.atobviaconline.com
• Subscribers nominated route
  • Rates for voyages via any route nominated by a subscriber are available upon application. However use of such a rate will be dependant upon specific agreement between the contracting parties. This is often used for anti-piracy routings where subscribers nominate a common anti-piracy route or provide their own co-ordinates.

• Re : Arabian Gulf Rates, Black Sea Rates & Lake Maracaibo Rates.
• Additions for geographical simplification and reduction of the number of rates requiring calculation.
• The additions are only to be used where vessels are loading in the areas of Arabian Gulf, Black Sea and Lake Maracaibo. In order to reduce the number of rate combinations in the Worldscale system, rates involving these areas are calculated with an addition.
• Additions are not used if any of the load ports are outside these areas.
• A transit point on the entry/exit to these areas is used. In the case of the Black Sea, rate is calculated from port in Black Sea to Uskudar which is located close to Istanbul. The remainder of the voyage is calculated from Uskudar onwards.
• For example to find a rate for loading Constanza and discharging Genoa in the Worldscale book. Find GENOA in the rates section of the book then under that, look for Uskudar for part of the rate. The addition for Constanza to Uskudar (being page 17 (Blue pages) of the Worldscale book). These two rates and mileages should then be added together for the complete rate.
• When using the web-site, the additions are indicated and added to provide a complete voyage rate.
• The percentage variation or Worldscale equivalent of the fixture should be applied to the rate addition.